“Some have ideas that the techniques are linked at depth,” says Edward Marshall, a geochemist on the College of Iceland—both straight, with magma flowing between the 2 subterranean mazes, or not directly, the place they commerce strain. However any geologic connection between Fagradalsfjall and Svartsengi is tenuous at finest, making understanding why magma ascends on the former a number of occasions, then switches to the latter, a tall order.
This investigative effort is additional sophisticated by the present disaster’s further idiosyncrasies. Over the previous few years, Thorbjörn—a volcanic mound near the Svartsengi geothermal energy station and Grindavík—has often inflated, maybe as a result of motion of magma someplace under, however this has at all times ended with out incident. The occasions of the previous week “definitely mark a break in that sample,” says Tom Winder, a volcano seismologist on the College of Cambridge.
Preliminary estimates trace that the quantity of magma concerned is extra substantial than the peninsula’s previous three eruptions, and it additionally flowed into the Svartsengi space at an astonishing velocity. “Why the magma influx charge seems to be a lot larger this time, and certainly the place it was sourced from, stays an vital open query,” says Winder. Contemplating the seemingly hefty quantity of magma, the potential for a long-lived eruption, or an in any other case very prolific eruption of lava, is excessive—however paradoxically, as with many eruptions, it may very well be that solely a fraction of that molten rock sees daylight.
That the magma hurriedly rose towards Grindavík late final week, then paused simply beneath its now-empty streets, has engendered each curiosity and anxiousness. The explanations for this interlude aren’t fairly clear. In the course of the 2021 eruption, there was a three-week hole between the magmatic curtain invading the shallow subsurface and the emergence of the eruption itself. The identical could transpire this time. Or it might erupt after you end studying this text—there is no such thing as a surefire technique to know.
That there’ll even be an eruption isn’t sure. Presently, based mostly on the proximity of the magma to the floor and the fixed seismic rumbling, Iceland’s Meteorological Workplace suspects that there’s a very excessive probability of an eruption, someplace alongside that 10-mile-long line of deformed and quaking floor, within the coming days. However there may be however a small probability that the magma can’t discover an escape route and stays belowground for the foreseeable future.